Networking Systems

N etwork switch  एक नेटवर्क स्विच क्या है ? Posted by: AKHILESH KUMAR  Network Switch In Hindi एक नेटवर्क स्विच एक छोटा हार्डवेयर डिवाइस है जो एक local area network (LAN)   के बीच कम्युनिकेशन  में जुड़े  कई   डिवाइसेस  को केंद्रीकृत करता है।     नेटवर्क स्विच किसी भी नेटवर्क के सबसे बुनियादी कंपोनेंट्स में से एक हैं। वे OSI मॉडल के  Layer 2 या Layer 3 में मौजूद हैं। 99% समय वे Layer 2 चलाते हैं। उनमें आमतौर पर 4 से 48 पोर्ट होते हैं। कुछ चीजें हैं जो वे कैसे काम करते हैं, इसमें जाते हैं,  लेकिन मूल रूप से वे नेटवर्क के  पहले डिवाइस हैं जो आपके कंप्यूटर नेटवर्क को स्थापित करने  के  लिए कनेक्‍ट किए जाते है। प्रत्येक कंप्यूटर में एक नेटवर्क कार्ड होता है। उस नेटवर्क कार्ड को एक लोकल नेटवर्क (और इंटरनेट)  के साथ कम्युनिकेशन करने के लिए एक IP Address नियुक्त किया जाता है। IP एड्रेस क्या होता है? एक शॉर्ट गाइड आईपी एड्रेस के बारे में सब कुछ जानने के लिए कंप्यूटर, लैपट...

  WHAT IS ROUTER ?                    Router is a  network layer  Layer 3  device  of the OSI reference model   device that means it can connect multiple   computer   networks via wired or wireless connections. Network router can receive, analyze, perform the traffic directing functions and forwards data packet from one network to its destination node. A router is a device that forwards packets between networks by processing the routing   information   included in the packet.      Routers use logical and physical addressing to connect two or more logically separate networks . They accomplish this connection by organizing the large network into logical network segments or sub-networks. Each of these sub networks is given a logical address. This allows the networks to be separate but still access each other and exchange data when necessary. Data is grouped into...

Internet Protocol Address (IP Address)    Definition - What does  Internet Protocol Address (IP Address)  mean? An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a logical numeric address that is assigned to every single computer, printer, switch, router or any other device that is part of a TCP/IP-based network.                              The IP address is the core component on which the networking architecture is built; no network exists without it. An IP address is a logicaladdress that is used to uniquely identify every node in                   the network. Because IP addresses are logical, they can change. They are similar to addresses in a town or city because the IP address gives the network node an address so that it can communicate with other nodes or networks, just like mail is sent to friends and relatives.  ...

What is DNS DNS, or the Domain Name System, translates human readable domain names (for example, www.google.com) to machine readable IP addresses (for example, 192.0.2.44). DNS Basics All computers on the Internet, from your smart phone or laptop to the servers that serve content for massive retail websites, find and communicate with one another by using numbers. These numbers are known as  IP addresses . When you open a web browser and go to a website, you don't have to remember and enter a long number. Instead, you can enter a  domain name  like example.com and still end up in the right place. A DNS service such as Amazon Route 53 is a globally distributed service that translates human readable names like www.example.com into the numeric IP addresses like 192.0.2.1 that computers use to connect to each other. The Internet’s DNS system works much like a phone book by managing the mapping between names and numbers. DNS servers translat...

       What is DHCP and how does it work   DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a protocol that is commonly used in networks for dynamic IP addressing configuration. Every user’s device needs at least IP address to join the network and connect to services. When computer first connects to local network with cable or WiFi SSID, first thing is to look for IP address, netmask, default gateway and DNS servers. Host connecting to network (cable or wireless) sends DHCP discover message to all hosts in Layer 2 segment (destination address is FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF). Frame with this  DISCOVER  message hits the DHCP Server.      2. After the DHCP Server receives discover message it suggests the IP addressing offering to the client host by unicast. This  OFFER  message contains: proposed IP address for client (here 192.168.1.10) subnet mask to identify the subnet space (here 255.255.255.0) IP of default gateway for subn...